Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for Seagrass Restoration in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for Seagrass Restoration in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Free Online Research Papers The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is a federal agency with a goal is to keep citizens informed of the ever changing environment around them. They strive to be leaders in environmental research and use cutting edge technology to do so. The NOAA has a vision of â€Å"an informed society that uses a comprehensive understanding of the role of the oceans, coasts, and atmosphere in the global ecosystem to make the best social and economic decisions.† (Lubchenco) The Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FLDEP) is the lead agency in the state government in charge of environmental management. They protect Florida’s air, water, and land by enforcing the environmental laws, overseeing state parks, overseeing beach renourishments, managing hazardous waste cleanups, and many more projects. Their mission is concise and to the point: â€Å"More Protection, Less Process.† (DEP) Table of Contents The table of contents is clear and straight to the point. Each section is divided into chapters, which is visually represented by the bold font. Underneath the chapter, are subheadings that are indented for a more aesthetically pleasing look. This also make sections of the statement easier to find. Next to each section are titles describing what is talked about and a page number for east access to the information. Included in the table of contents is a list of all the appendices and what is included in them. The page following the Table of Contents is a useful list of acronyms. Science can sometimes be a foreign language to the average layman. Even some people familiar with environmental science will not remember every single acronym for each term or agency so including this list is an idealistic solution to make sure everyone is on the same page. Purpose and Need for Action The purpose and need for proposed action sections are clear and well written. The need for proposed action could have been more detailed in explaining why the seagrass beds need human support in restoration instead of healing naturally. A map is included to give the reader visual reference of what areas are being discussed in the statement. Although the map is included, they could have done a better job with the graphics. I feel like the font is too small to read. The key using different shapes and textures to point out certain areas is also a great idea, just executed poorly. The map is so small, that the different shapes and textures seem to blend together in some places, giving the reader no idea what those areas are used for. If they would have just made the map a full page, I think the outcome would have been better. The seagrass functions and ecological importance were properly described from all aspects of the environment including background information of the species in that area. They included a detailed drawing of the species which was a nice touch. It goes on to explain the type of restoration plan that they were planning on using and reasons why the seagrass needs to be restored. They quote federal documents to prove that what they are trying to do complies with regulations set forth by the federal government. Seagrass Restoration Alternatives This section is imperative to include in the EIS. Without this section the EIS will be returned until this information is included. NEPA guidelines also require that agencies discuss the alternative of no action, which they go over in great detail in this paper. I liked the table they used to summarize the explanations. It is easy to read and outlines each definition clearly for the reader. The paper also lists seagrass transplants, bird stakes, fertilizer spikes, sediment fill, sediment tubes, berm redistribution, sod replacement and exclusion cages. In the seagrass transplanting discussion, they give facts and data on the success rate of previous transplants. They talk about ways to do the transplant while monitoring it. The discussion of this alternative was very complete and seemed liked an alternative that could work well for them. The next alternative discussed is bird stakes. This option is mentioned to increase the amount of nutrients the grasses have available to them. Bird stakes are similar designs as fertilizer stakes. The only problem with fertilizer spikes are that they need to be replaced often. Both options are discussed and they also mention the fact that both alternatives may effect vessel navigation. The options of sediment fill and sediment tubes are also brought up. Both alternatives help stabilize and re-grow seagrass beds. Berm redistribution and sod replacement are also discussed and ways that they would help the seagrass beds examined. Lastly, they talked about exclusion cages to protect the beds. This would be important especially near coral reefs. The authors of this section did a really good job looking at the problem from all angles and presenting all of the alternatives. This is an example of how alternatives should be presented in an EIS. There was no bias, they covered all their options, not just the favored alternatives. Proposed Actions The proposed action(s) was discussed and included a few of the options in the alternatives section. A table summarized the alternatives available and the conditions in which they would be chosen. This was a great way to present what the proposed actions are because it summarizes it in a visual way. More people are likely to read and comprehend a table rather than reading the text. Affected Environment There are a couple of paragraphs explaining the areas that are potentially affected by the seagrass restoration projects. They also include another map was given to show the benthic habitat types of the area. A chart is included as well that lists the areas, description and dominant transport processes, and the benthic communities. It then goes on to describe the productivity, diversity, and versatility of the seagrass beds. Then they explain the existing land use and give a chart that displays the different types of land use in Monroe County by acreage, and split it into lower, middle, and upper keys. There is then an in depth discussion of the climate and air quality of the keys. A description of the noise that may be heard by tools and machines during the restoration process is also discussed. Geology, water quality, and physical parameters are also discussed to give a comprehensive and detailed picture of the study area. They did a really good job describing the current environ ment and how the project could possibly change it. Biological Resources A meticulous description of the seagrass species in the area, the benthic organisms, and the fish and invertebrate populations is given. Another table is used, this time to show the family name, common name of fishes collected bt the bottom and surface trawling in Florida Bay. Endangered and threatened species in the area are discussed as well. This is important to discuss after the Endangered Species Act was passed. A chart is inserted after the text to show the reader which species are found in the seagrass habitats within the FKNMS. Included in the chart is the approximate time the species inhabit the seagrass habitats.. The data discussed in this section is crucial in understanding the biological resources of the area but the tables could have been a little more detailed. I like the idea of using a table but they could have included more information and more accurate time periods that the species inhabit the area. Simply listing months are inaccurate because there is no wa y the species come and go at exactly the beginning and end of each month. If they were averaging time, they should have used actual dates instead of whole months. To use a more visual method, perhaps a graph could have been used to show the frequency of occurrence of endangered and threatened species. It was just a thought, but visual references usually go over well with most people. Cultural Resources A brief background of the history of the area is given. There is a analysis on the possibility of pre-historic remains, Native American remains, and historic remains which is important. If there were historical remains found in the area, the project could be stopped if it affects the ruins. Overlay maps are included showing injury sites and historic remains sites. In instances where there is overlap, archaeologist will survey the area and determine whether the restoration should occur. Since Florida had such a diverse cultural history, it is appropriate that these precautions are implemented. It would be disastrous to ruin such rich history on the restorations process. Hazardous and Toxic Substances This section is very short due to the fact that they do not plan on encountering any toxic or hazardous substances. They basically just define what typically is considered hazardous and toxic and explain that there are no superfund sites in Monroe County, FL making it even more unlikely to come in contact with any harmful toxins. Socioeconomic and Quality of Life A basic description of the region of influence, economic activity, and demographics of the area are discussed. Tables are included summarizing employment by major sectors and demographics of Monroe County. Most of the people living in Monroe County rated their quality of life as good or excellent, less than five percent rated it as poor. It was also found that those that participated in outdoor activities rated their quality of life higher than those that did not. It was relevant to include all of these studies in the EIS because the people that live in the area, especially those that participate in outdoor activities, will be affected by the restoration of the seagrass beds. Environmental and Socioeconomic Consequences The potential environmental and socioeconomic consequences of the restoration alternatives that were mentioned earlier are discussed in this section. Both the direct and indirect effects of each alternative presented in the document are discussed with respect to thirteen resource categories. For five of these categories, both the direct and indirect effects are identical for all ten restoration actions. An in depth evaluation is given for each of the areas of interest that would have either a direct or indirect affect on either the environment or socioeconomic. Pros and cons were also given for each alternative. A special sub-section was set-up to list the preferred alternatives. The three that were preferred were then described. Reasons were given as to why they are preferred over the other methods. The three reasons were numbered and indented which made it easier to read. This is very helpful to the reader and confirms which methods are favored. The Seagrass Regional Restoration Plan The purpose and all details of the proposed plan are expressed in this section. They propose that selecting priority areas would be best. To further display where the funds for the restoration will be going, a map of the Florida Bay is included. The exact method of statistical analysis is also given. Anyone who would like to work out the data for themselves will have the formulas and instruction that were used. That is important to include so the reviewer knows that the data is legitimate. Tables showing the areas of the upper, middle, and lower keys with the most injured sea grasses are also shown to restate the point of which areas are considered priorities and therefore will receive the most funding. The criteria used to evaluate priority areas of sea grass restoration is also given here to reiterate what had been shown earlier in maps and tables. The upper, middle and lower keys are then ranked in a table showing which criteria they do and do not meet. A summary of the monitoring plan is also restated here to remind the reader of information given in previous sections. This is useful because most people won’t read the entire thing, and If they do, they probably won’t remember every little detail. Reiterating the important information is a way to reach a bigger audience of readers. A list of sea grass experts involved during the research of this EIS is listed at the end of the section to show that this plan was written with the professional knowledge and experience of multiple experts in the area. Everything was well presented. Earlier sections if the paper were referenced to remind the reviewer of what was important that was previously read. The constant repetition of the criteria put reiterated in a variety forms was a good tactic because the repetition makes the criteria easier to remember and understand. The list of experts contacted should have been left off of this section and been added as a part of the references section at the end. Relationship to Other Laws and Programs This section lists all of the acts, laws, programs, agencies and organizations that the seagrass restoration plan uses, references, or has any relation to. This is done in a self explanatory manner by listing the act, program, or organization and the relationship that the restoration plan has with it. This makes it easy to reference it in the future. List of Preparers The list of preparers is listed in descending alphabetical order by last name which makes the list similar to a phonebook. This format makes it easier for the reviewer to find the information to contact specific people in the future. The list also includes the department or program that the person works for which is also a great tool to use to contact specific people. The only thing I would suggest changing would be to put the last name in the front. Even though it is in alphabetical order by last name, they list the first name first which is more difficult to see the order. They should have listed it with the last name first, and comma, then the first name. References This statement had ample references that were in the appropriate format for both the full reference and the in-text citations. This section isn’t as crucial to the EIS, but based on how well the section was organized and formatted, it proves that a lot research went into the preparing of the EIS and that the writers cared enough to place things in the correct format. Conclusion This was an extremely well put together and prepared impact statement. Despite several minor improvements that could have been made, everything was presented in a clear, concise, and detailed manner. The correct format was followed. The minor improvements could be considered opinion by most. It was set-up to allow the reviewer to easily follow the EIS using visually receptive techniques such as charts, figures, and indentation. Finding minimal errors was rare in the 70’s. This EIS is a prime example of how far the documents have come over the past several decades. Sources Lubchenco, Dr. Jane. About NOAA. NOAA. 2009. NOAA. 1 Apr. 2009 . About DEP. DEP. 2009. NOAA. 1 Apr. 2009 . Research Papers on Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for Seagrass Restoration in the Florida Keys National Marine SanctuaryPETSTEL analysis of IndiaUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andMind TravelBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfQuebec and CanadaOpen Architechture a white paperGenetic EngineeringThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Project Managment Office System

Conflict, Decision Making, and Organizational Design

Conflict, Decision Making, and Organizational Design A conflict in any organization occurs when there is an involvement of many parties in duty performance. This happens because the parties concerned have different goals and interests to accomplish. In many organizational structures, different conflicts may arise such as fund allocation, terms of employment, retrenchments and promotions.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Conflict, Decision Making, and Organizational Design specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This mostly occurs when one business is liable to another, such as the government or business partners. The directors and stakeholders of the firm are in charge of decision-making. The employees implement the decision with the help of supervisors or departmental heads. This usually depends on the organizational structure of the individual entity. The structure divides the firm into elements of similar abilities and skills. These elements may include accounts, human resource, and production departments. Firms must always avoid conflict of interest since they cause operational problems (Learmonth, 2006). A conflict may arise when a given department performs better than the others in service delivery to their customers regardless of the underlying drivers. The management will put more effort into this department, and allocate more funds to improve its performance. This creates a conflict of resource allocation since more reflects towards the most delivering department and management may overstate the allocations. More personnel shift to this department and may bring about the conflict among the employees and management, caused by allocation through relations and nepotism. Employees expect the management to give promotions to personnel within the organization. Conflicts arise when a person from outside the business entity takes a position at top management levels (Ury Fisher, 1998). Businesses also lay off employees in order to decrease expenses . A conflict arises as to which employees to send off. Conflicts of interest also arise from the employee and management duties, where each of them requires jobs to meet deadlines as well as fairness to the employee, so as not to overload them and maintain timing. The organization at which I work is the Carolina Center for Behavioral Health. This institution has conflicts between physicians and clients because it is necessary for numerous interactions to occur between the patient and doctor for better service delivery. This, in turn, causes conflicts to arise from differences in personal expectations, responsibilities and insufficient resources, which are scarce.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conflicts in this institution also arise from among the physicians, the management team and physicians and between other professionals and the physicians (Hellriegel S locum, 2010). There arises competition for the scarce resources in the entity, and as to whether personal physicians can act as referrals or which would be the best source of their decision-making. This deteriorates the trust among physicians in resource allocation since the most salient issues is not aligned. Conflict resolution occurs through the correction of differences between the parties involved. A conflict may be positive or negative. Negotiation as a method of conflict resolution involves creating a gap between people and the problem, generation of ideas that give options, following interests, laying out of goals and objectives, and using gains to define success. An integrative approach allows the discovery of mutual gains and fair standards for decision making on challenging issues. It uses several stages to resolve conflict between the parties. First, the parties lay down their similar goals that led to the conflict. They then remove the personalization of the problem and make it professional as per the situation. A study on the driving factor occurs in the demand brought in by an interest. The parties then use creativity to bring mutual gain options that bring satisfaction to all that improves the situation. This happens using the facts and data analysis as the nature of the physician profession (Hellriegel Slocum, 2010). In order to implement the negotiation strategy to resolve a conflict, the physicians have to put into consideration various factors. The committee formed has to be free of conflicts by ensuring that all members are aware of their roles and to whom the decision-making role lays. The parties whom the conflict concerns should be the sole members of the committee and it should involve physicians with rich information on the issue at hand.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Conflict, Decision Making, and Organizational Design specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In any medical institution, Evidence based management should be instituted since it deals with facts for decision-making. This arose since there are many differences between physicians such as culture and decision making processes used. Managers and students in health care institutions receive education on evidence based management practices. Managers are diverse and dynamic because of their wide scope of knowledge that enables them to be reliable in making judgments. Evidence based management requires careful and thorough analysis of data used for decision-making that staff record on the organizational functioning. It requires managers to share and record problems through a wide range of research and experiments before making decisions. This gives them time to discuss the problem related facts and a choice on the best research analysis by managers and employees. Evidence based management should be instituted at all levels of the organization structure. All new and old members of staff sho uld be trained on how to use massive research to come up with decisions. This will ensure that the whole institution at large embraces the use of evidence-based management. Physicians should use facts from previous research to administer drugs to their patients and make new experiments before giving prescriptions on new cases. This will boost the overall credibility of the institution to its clients and stakeholders. The staff in the organization move into the community of concern for their patients come from and collects data on issues affecting them. This can be conducted using cheap experiments that the organization can afford. It also requires that the institution acquire a license granting it permission to collect public data. The management should be flexible to accept junior staff facts that will assist the institution to deliver quality services to its clients. When a decision takes position, experiments occur to prove the decision’s efficiency to work. This practice ensures that decisions made are effective and that only the best methods used in conducting a given activity.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It also removes the use of believers to administer professional services and reduces the risk of drawbacks from work done by the use of latest experiment results. Physicians should ensure that the cure to a given problem is appropriate and that it has minimal side effects (Hellriegel Slocum, 2010). The management should institute evidence-based management by demanding evidence from the physicians on decisions made. The physicians should be discouraged from using experience knowledge to administer drugs and prescriptions to patients. This goes hand in hand with the use of personal information from own ideologies that emanate from own experiences or those of close relatives. The staff and management should also eliminate their personal preferences that market drugs from companies believed to be the best. The experiments should prove which drugs are best for a given ailment. The market forces of demand and supply should neither be a factor in making a choice in the administration of s ervices nor the desire to follow known professional’s decisions. The managers should embrace originality from all staff members regardless of their rank. This ensures that promotions rewarded to personnel create equality, thus promoting equity in the firm and preventing conflict opportunities. Creative decision-making involves selection of an action plan from many alternatives to arrive at a solution through generation of many ideas. It makes use of critical thinking, open mindedness and the desire to explore new discoveries from any source. It involves laying out objectives systematically, evaluation of alternative course of action and selection of the best action plan. It prevents the management from bias by their personal interests in a given issue that physicians are handling. This process is difficult since it is time consuming to come up with a solution. This may cause the managerial team not to exhaust all the merits and demerits of the proposed solutions thus, the bes t alternative is implemented. Creative decision-making process involves a series of processes. The first step is lying out of goals and objectives. This presents a focus on the expected outcome to the managerial team. The institution secretary makes the records in the minutes of the meeting. The decision makers then gather data through collection methods such as questionnaires, observation and sampling. This involves using supervisors and departmental heads to issue out the questionnaires or observes the employees, depending on the preferred data collection method chosen. The third step involves bringing the collected data together. Solutions emanate from the data to increase the scope from which to choose. An analysis of each solution and the merits and demerits of each follows. In the next step, the managers choose the solution that has the most merits and lay off those that have more demerits than merits. The management thus makes a decision follow the best alternative. An action takes place through implementing the chosen solution into the problem. It involves communication of the procedures to follow to the members of staff, directions and guidelines. The management then observes the effect of implementing the chosen solution through demanding of reports from the members of staff (Cummings, 2009). Creative decision-making involves the use of several methods to arrive at the solution. The consensus method uses group work to project the most preferred solution to an organizational problem. It is the best fit for use by institutions and organizations. The systematic method involves the detailed evaluation of all possible action plans one at a time to arrive at the best. The individualistic method of decision-making occurs when only an individual comes up with the solution. The limited procrastination method uses time to sharpen its facts. The decision occurs after a long time has expired, so that all facts pop out and the situation analyzed for effective dec ision-making. The intuitive method of making decisions occurs immediately after problem identification. Professions such as physicians use it in development of an immediate and urgent solution. The health institution environment does not have a highly competitive market for being a private firm. The private firm values its customers by providing the best services to them in exchange of high profit returns. This ensures that there is a stable environment to the market forces from competitors and suppliers. The customers’ needs and availability of resources to cater for the will influence the organization structure. The best structure to the health institution would be formal, since flexibility limits occur through the physician’s responsibility to the client. A more horizontal organization design or matrix structure would be useful according to the health institutional business strategy. This is because the staff in the health center divides according to the skills they have to tackle their clients. References Cummings, T. (2009). Organization Development and Change. London: Routledge. Hellriegel, D., Slocum, J. W. (2007). Organizational behavior. New York: Cengage Learning. Learmonth M. (2006). Evidence-Based Management: The very idea. Journal of Public  Administration. 84 (2), 245- 266. Ury, W. Fisher, R. (1998). Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In.  New York: Penguin Books.

English Legal System and Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

English Legal System and Skills - Essay Example n her statement, Rose says that she did not suspect that her brother was doing anything criminal, but that she had become wary of the kinds of people he was keeping company with at the gym. Rose must realize that if this suspicion about the kind of people her brother was keeping can be related the criminal act of the money. In Regina v Da Silva (2006)1, the court held that suspicion does not necessarily have to be knowledge ad that if there was a small doubt, this can be counted as suspicion. Rose can however feel safe as long as she can prove that due to her brothers good job, she never suspected that he could be involved in such a case and that it was also possible that he could afford that kind of money. Sarah may have a criminal responsibility of aiding and abetting crime, according to section 93A (1)(a) of the criminal justice act 1988 UK. It is clear that she was aware that her uncle John was having financial issues at the time and that he was desperate to resolve his problems. It can be argued that since Sarah knew that her uncle was having financial problems and that she was in charge of a charity, and this can be said to have been enough ground for a reasonable person to suspect that something was wrong. She could also have questioned the motive of her uncle requiring her to keep the money for her instead of him keeping in his bank account. In Regina v Da Silva (2006)2, the court held that the appellant was guilty because she had enough grounds to suspect that her husband was having criminal activity or that the money that was being deposited in her account by her husband had been acquired illegally. The same case can be applied in Sarah’s case because she must have sus pected that her uncle who was going through financial problems could not have acquired the money in proper

Organization from a communication management perspective Assignment

Organization from a communication management perspective - Assignment Example These social media categories serves the organizational communication to its intended audience. Its intended audience could be the organization’s members and officers and in the case of a business organization, to its target market, shareholders, potential customers and regulatory agencies. The use of social networking does not only provide an interactive web presence but also reinforces the positive image of the company by informing the public about the organization’s products, services and activities including its business practices that would reflect good corporate citizenship consistent with the practice of ideal organizational communication. Theories of organizational communication posits that organizations need to relay itself not only with its internal customers (employees) but also with the external customers not only the positive activities that made them as organization but also the values that help shape the organization thereby fostering not only understandi ng about the company but also reinforces its positive image as well (Dainton and Zelley, 2005). Social networking as a function of social media is also an excellent platform to communicate corporate culture that animates the organization enabling its intended audience to understand and relate with the company better. Another social media category that can benefit an organization from a communication management perspective is the search category such as Google and Bing. This is essential because search engine ranking establishes the web presence of the organization. If the organization cannot be found on the search engine either through plain search or links, it would also be tantamount to being absent in the web. Even if the organization has an excellent website or social media page, it would be tantamount to nothing if it cannot be reached by its intended audience. In organizational communication, it is essential that the message of the

Pestel Philips Essay Example for Free

Pestel Philips Essay POLITICAL FACTORS Because Philips is an international company, it has to deal with many political factors such as: tax policy, employment laws, environmental regulations, trade restrictions and political stability inside each country they are in. Philips is a manufacturer, a sales company and needs to maintain service organization too, so it must deal with many varieties of laws and policies that are changing, depending the country and the time. For example in many countries of European union now taking place dynamic changes in employment law. (Federation of European employees, 2007) ECONOMIC FACTORS Depending on the country and the economic growth of it, the purchasing power of the population is not the same everywhere. In fact, as Philips is present in many countries, it has to adapt its products and sales processes to the buying habits and the standard of living. For Philips high economic growth means the increasing purchasing power of the population that is desirable for the company. SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS The social and cultural influences on business vary from country to country, region to region. It is very important that such factors are considered. Then, it is necessary for Philips to understand the consumer needs and habits in order to meet its expectations. Moreover, in developed countries nowadays, customers are paying more and more attention to ethics, respect and culture of the company. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS Because of the international presence of Philips, each country doesn’t have the infrastructure to welcome properly Philips’ technologies, including online processes. So Philips needs to adapt its products to the country where they are. Moreover, Philips Company is very dependant on technology. New innovations can significantly improve operations of the company. Also, it’s important not to neglect the Research and Development department even if it’s the most expensive one. ECOLOGICAL FACTOR: Many countries are now environment concerned and try to reduce pollution. Philips as a large manufacturer can face some problems because of that, even more as it is a lightening company. With the important development of the LED, Philips has a real challenge even if the LED market is not as profitable as the lamp market. LEGAL FACTOR Each country has its own legislation even countries which are parts of the same organization, for example, in Europe, there is the European legislation and the country’s legislation, so Philips needs to be aware of every aspects of this system and adapt quickly.

Euthanasia Essay - The Immorality of Physician Assisted Suicide

Euthanasia: the intentional killing by act or omission of a dependent human being for his or her alleged benefit, a highly controversial subject.   Assisted suicide: Someone provides an individual with the information, guidance, and means to take his or her own life. When a doctor helps another person to kill themselves it is called "physician assisted suicide" (Euthanasia.com 1).   This widely debated topic of assisted suicide is immoral and unethical in today's standards.   Most people who commit suicide or wish to commit suicide are mentally ill and make impaired judgments.   Many of those who wish to commit suicide are really just reaching out for help, and disorders such as depression, which lead to attempted suicide, are treatable (Pretzer 1).   For those people suffering with chronic pain from, there have been many advances in pain control and management.   Today in the United States, Physician Assisted Suicide or PAS is illegal in all states except for Oregon.   If PAS were to be legalized in the rest of the country, it would cause major problems.   In the one state that Physician Assisted Suicide is legal there have been major problems and any unhappy people.   Mentally ill patients have been stereotyped as crazy people who have to be locked away so they don't hurt themselves or anyone else.   This is a reality only for a very small portion of mentally handicapped persons.   The majority of the mentally ill are fully capable of living on their own and making just decisions.   They are not a danger to anyone except themselves.   These people are classified as clinically depressed and have a chemical imbalance in their brains that impairs their perspective about their lives.   People suffering from depression are the ones who g... ...d on the alternatives to assisted suicide.   Works Cited Anderson, Kerby. Euthanasia in Oregon. Probe Ministries. 13 Nov. 2001 http://www.probe.org/docs/c-euthan.html>. Cannon, John. Another Look at Euthanasia. Independent Press Association. 13 Nov. 2001 http://www.anotherperspective.org/advoc158.html Euthanasia.com. Euthanasia Definitions. 13 Nov. 2001 http://www.euthanasia.com/definitions.html Langley, Tamora. Physician Assisted Suicide. Voluntary Euthanasia Society. 15 Nov. 2001 http://www.ves.org.uk/Deb_PhyAssSu.html O'Bannon, Randall K., and Burke, J. Balch. Why We Shouldn't Legalize Assisted Suicide. National Right to Life. 13 Nov. 2001 http://nrlc.org/euthanasia/asisuid1.html Pretzer, Michael. Assisted Suicide: Should it be Legal? CNN.com. 15 Nov. 2001 http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/01/25/assisted.suicide.wmd/.

How Did Black People Face the Great Depression Differently? Essay

The people of the black community experienced the Great Depression differently due to race relations between the white people and the black people. During the depression, dark-skinned people had a hard time finding rentals, let alone buying property. For example, the Clarke family recall being treated poorly when they were looking for a house. The other people would slam the door in their faces and leave it at that. On the other hand, the Jews were empathetic towards them and offered to sell their house to the Clarkes. Another reason as to how the black community experienced the Great Depression differently was the difficulty of finding a job. For instance, when Claire Clark was looking for a job, people rejected her because she was black. A man who worked at City Hall told Claire that she will not get a job in the city because the white girls will not work for her. This was a struggling situation for Claire because she tried her hardest to look for a job in order to survive the Great Depression. However, it was very hard for this young girl because of the racist remarks that the white people held for the black people. The last reason as to how the black community experienced the Great Depression differently was the unfair treatment between the two groups-white and black. For example, black children can play with others, however they could not go into their houses. This showed that the white people had boundaries set for the black people which was very notorious to the people of the black community. In conclusion, the people of the black community experienced the Great Depression differently.

Admissions paper

I have come to a point in life that many people have not.   I have made a firm decision to recommit myself to pursuing my dreams.   While there are those who believe that with an ounce of luck and a ton of persistence anything can be accomplished, I believe that there is no reason to expend so much energy and rely on luck.Life is simply too short and too precious to be left to luck alone.   After serious investigation and reflection I am convinced my educational goals will be far better achieved at this prestigious University.It is not an easy decision for me, as I struggle to perform many various tasks and jobs at this point in my life.   I feel, however, that there is no substitute for a proper education and I feel that this course will be very beneficial to my future.One of the many wonderful concepts I have learned from my parents is to strive for academic excellence while balancing life with other activities and contributions.   I am proud of my previous academic recor d at (insert undergraduate school) as well as my extracurricular involvement in campus activities, part-time employment and community service.   Yet I feel that in order to reach my full potential I need to be in an environment that best caters to my interests and goals.The world is fast becoming a borderless place.   Cultures, races, beliefs and ideologies are blend together and interact because of the growing advances in communications.   In order to succeed in this world, one needs to be able to adapt to the various cultural differences as well as be able to maintain a certain sense of individual identity.My former school did not have the same diversity that I see environment where cultural diversity is promoted.     This is why I believe that this educational environment is the perfect place for me.   Not only does this University exceed my expectations but it is also enjoys a global reputation.I have learned from my parents two â€Å"laws†: the law of learnin g and the law of giving. I believe the more you learn the more open you become for learning. I am convinced this University is a great fit for â€Å"the law of learning.†Ã‚   That is why I believe that this move is a crucial step for me.   My success and my accomplishments here will herald the beginning of the fulfillment of my personal and professional goals.It is said that the one thing that nobody can ever take away from you is your education and that is the one thing that I plan to not only gain for myself but for others as well.   I have learned from my parents the critical importance of the law of giving, and I am both attracted and committed to this model of community service, particularly that â€Å"students apply skills to effect social change.†I bring to this campus a variety of assets and commitments. I have benefited from a multi-cultural mentoring program in high school.   As an open-minded student, I believe I am able to contribute to not only the c ultural diversity, but also the global views of the learning community.   My experience and perspective will greatly benefit those that I will be able to interact with on campus.   I look forward to the rich academic and cultural experience that this fine University has to offer.I have also always been committed to community service and campus government, and plan on continuing these important activities.   I will bring to the campus what others have considered in me an infectious â€Å"joy of learning, excitement for the future, and need for world contribution.† That is in essence my philosophy and I believe it will be able to contribute to the campus community if given the opportunity to do so.While I personally believe that â€Å"there is no such thing as a free lunch† and that everything a person has in life must come from hard work and perseverance, I also believe in charity.   I believe in helping others who do not have much in life.   I believe in help ing people regardless of their nation, race or creed.   I believe in being a better person so I can best help myself and others around me.I believe that this academic environment is the best place for me to turn these beliefs into realities.   I am fully aware of the significance of being considered for acceptance, and I am sincerely grateful for your time and consideration of my application.

The English Lexicon Will Always Be Back-Formated

The English Lexicon Will Always Be Back-Formated The English Lexicon Will Always Be Back-Formated The English Lexicon Will Always Be Back-Formated By Mark Nichol Back-formation, the development of a new form of a word by subtracting an element from an existing word, often results in additions to our word-hoard that people deem grotesque, but many words we consider members in good standing of the English language- usually verbs- have been created this way. Derided terms of recent vintage frequently originate in business-speak: Conversate is inexplicably more complicated than the verb it supplants (converse); incentivize takes too long to speak or write, perhaps, so now we have incent; liaise awkwardly abridges the phrase â€Å"form a liaison†; protà ©gà © has inexplicably surrendered to mentee as the logical counterpart of mentor; and notate is derived from notation, because note somehow does not suffice. However, common- and quite acceptable- noun-to-verb back-formations starting with nearly every letter of the alphabet abound, including automate (automation), babysit (babysitter), curate (curator), diagnose (diagnosis), evaluate (evaluation), flouresce (fluorescence), gamble (gambler), hustle (hustler), injure (injury), jell (jelly), kidnap (kidnapper), legislate (legislator), manipulate (manipulation), nitpick (nit-picking), orientate (orientation), peddle (peddler), reminisce (reminiscence), swindle (swindler), televise (television), upholster (upholstery), and vaccinate (vaccination). Some less obviously produced yet patently useful back-formations include the verbs derived from nouns beg (beggar) and moonlight (from moonlighter, the slang term for one who works a second job). Back-formation of nouns from adjectives has produced diplomat (diplomatic), greed (greedy), haze (hazy), peeve (peevish), and suburb (suburban), while adjectival back-formations from nouns include complicit (complicity), decadent (decadence), and surreal (surrealism). Two noun-to-noun developments denoting individual specimens based on words for collective concepts are ideologue (ideology) and statistic (statistics); yet another, stave, is a redundant back-formation of staves, the plural of staff in the sense of â€Å"a long stick or strip of wood.† Unit, meanwhile, derives from unity. Cherry, pea, and tamale are back-formations based on linguistic ignorance of terms borrowed from another language or descended from a previous version of one (from, respectively, the French word cherise, the Middle English term pease, and tamales, the Spanish plural of tamal). Similar back-formations considered nonstandard (now and, one can hope, forever) include bicep (and tricep) and kudo, based on the erroneous assumption that the words biceps (and triceps) and kudos (the former from Latin and the latter from Greek) are plural. Back-formations fill a need- whether valid or merely perceived as valid- and though some of them may, thankfully, wither from neglect, others will acquire legitimacy over time, while still others will proliferate (that word is itself a back-formation) anew. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Bare or Bear With Me?The Parts of a WordList of Prefixes and Suffixes and their Meanings

The Best Academic Preparation for an Editorial Career

The Best Academic Preparation for an Editorial Career The Best Academic Preparation for an Editorial Career The Best Academic Preparation for an Editorial Career By Mark Nichol I was painfully amused to find in a recent job listing the perpetuation of the absurd notion that a degree in English or literature, for God’s sake is the ideal preparation for work as a writer or editor. The listing required candidates to have a degree in English or literature. Now, there can be some merit in having earned an English degree, but English majors do not necessary master composition, much less the finer points of grammar, syntax, usage, punctuation, style, and the other components of writing, and revision of assigned papers is of little use in acquiring editing skills. I recall taking an English course in which the instructor spent most of every class period reading aloud word by word a manuscript he had written about grammar and asking students to identify the part of speech of every word. At the end of the term, despite this intensive analysis, I was no more knowledgeable about grammar than I had been at the beginning of the course. And few English majors endure this type of experience. Nevertheless, they do receive some instruction in writing, but it is mostly holistic – how to evaluate an argument’s logic and validity and how to organize one’s thoughts in writing. But little guidance is offered in the subtler qualities I listed above. A literature degree is even less useful; its basis is literary criticism, and though students write essays and term papers and theses, the focus is on dissecting the themes of literary works, not on developing coherence and clarity and conciseness. English and literature courses do not teach one how to choose just the right word. They do not assist one in structuring strong, active sentences with specific nouns and vivid verbs. They do not help one build narratives. In short, though some English and literature majors may develop into great writers and/or editors, an English or literature major is of little use to would-be masters of the language. On a related note, I am puzzled when I see job listings that require a degree in, say, economics or math. I’m lazy about laissez-faire, and I wouldn’t know a cosine from a stop sign. But I’ve edited scholarly books and textbooks in both subjects. I’ve worked on several science books, too, though I have only the gleanings of lifelong learning, rather than a degree in biology or physics or astronomy, to support me. What academic preparation, then, should students and employers value? Well, how about theater arts? That’s the degree I earned, and I’ve been gainfully employed in publishing and journalism since I retired from the stage more than a quarter century ago, soon after collecting that inestimably valuable diploma. (Trust me, though; I’ve experienced plenty of drama not to mention farce and tragedy in editorial working environments.) But, seriously, folks, what prepared me for my career was, first, a natural facility for writing a foundation that supported the edifice of practical experience. Even though I had no interest in journalism, I walked into my college’s student-newspaper office after my first day of classes and never looked back. I learned to tell a story writing is, at its fundamental level, nothing else than storytelling producing over a hundred articles, reviews, and editorials, and editing hundreds more as I took on steadily increasing responsibility. (And when I did take journalism courses, when students were assigned to write articles, I handed in pieces I had already written for the school paper.) Based on my experience, if there’s any degree employers should value when hiring for a writing or editing job, it’s one in journalism, or mass communication. But I didn’t earn one, and I know people who did earn one who shouldn’t be allowed anywhere near a keyboard. The most useful predictor of a job candidate’s ability is how well he or she writes on an assigned topic or edits a brief manuscript provided as part of the application process. Possession of a certain degree, by comparison no matter where it was earned is nearly useless. (And job history isn’t much more pertinent but that’s another topic altogether.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Inquire vs EnquireDifference between "Pressing" and "Ironing"20 Ways to Laugh

Social Issues in Public Sector Human Resource Management in 2034 Research Paper

Social Issues in Public Sector Human Resource Management in 2034 - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that many controversies that are commonly encountered in the public sector fall under human resource management (HRM). AS a matter of fact, HRM accounts for the greatest operating expenditures in the majority of public agencies. The activities of human resource managers in the public sector greatly affect government workers and consequently, public policy. Over the last quarter of the century, many things have happened and much has changed in the various aspects of human life. One of the most remarkable and most impacting happenings is the World War III. During this period many nations including the US used a good portion of their economic and human resources.   Owing to the magnitude of the war and its impacts on society, the country had to traverse a season of recession with its numerous challenges. At the present, the country is striving to address many social issues through its public agencies hence public personnel management is more relevant to the country today than ever. Considering the events of the past 25 years, it is beyond doubt that the human resource has evolved significantly, needs and demands being quite a lot different today.   Among the most vital issues that the current human resource needs to address include reward systems, affirmative action, and social security. Before the Third World War, the United States of America enjoyed a stable economy, the presence of a promising social security system and a relatively peaceful working environment.... The two main components of a reward system are performance and reward according to Norma (67). Over the years, rewards mainly have taken the form of affiliation, direct and indirect financial rewards, and career-related rewards. The hierarchical based rewards system is best suited to organizations that have had sustained success. The recent economic recession has made it difficult for most organizations to reward their employees using this system due to a general decline in the qualitative and quantitative output of the organizations. Most companies have gone through long periods of reduced profits and this has challenged the use of any type of financial rewards. The difficulty of using financial rewards has forced many companies to resort to the utilization of affiliate forms of reward like appraisals. Due to competitive business environment, companies are shifting to career-related motivations like employee education. Furthermore, public agencies have resorted to greater applicatio n of reward systems that focus more on intrinsic motivation as opposed to extrinsic motivation as has been the case during times of favorable economic environments. Formerly HR experts focused their actions on rewarding individual employees more than rewarding groups of workers. On their part, those of present times focus on encouraging group rewards. The present day HR professionals mainly focus on reward systems that promote intrinsic motivation among employees such as recognition and appreciation. Yet again, the current trend is in putting the employee in control of their payslip and rewards. Affirmative action Affirmative action has been very important in ensuring that groups of people who are underrepresented in terms of color, race, nationality or

Does the efficient market theory apply on the forex market Fundamental Literature review

Does the efficient market theory apply on the forex market Fundamental analysis Vs. Technical analysis - Literature review Example In the international trade, the buyer or seller of the products wants to have payment in his home currency. This needs an exchange of currencies from that of a seller to that of a buyer. Any international trade will involve in any two instantaneous transactions: Exchange of the products in a physical form Sale or purchase of foreign currency In any international trade, the sale or purchase of any product will affect only one the parties in the foreign exchange. Suppose, If a British importer buy ? 100,000 worth of products from an American manufacturer, and the invoice is billed in US$, the burden falls on the British importer to buy ? to complete that business transaction and vice-versa. Thus, the party assumes the risk that the exchange rate on that specific date of conversion is positive to that party. (James, Neelankavil & Rai 2009:246). The Forex market is operating on an international basis where currency of each nation is bought and sold freely. The forex system was introduced in the 1970s at the time of introduction of free exchange rates and the price of one currency, and the price of one currency against another that happens from demand and supply that are only decided by the market participants.(Dicks 2010: 5). Forex market can be termed as a perfect market as it cannot be either monopolised or controlled by any of its participants. Due to ever increasing number of transactions on a daily basis makes it as the biggest liquid financial market and as per an estimate, money transaction involves in the forex market form up to US$ 6 trillion per day. This figure is only a tentative figure as the exact amount cannot be quantified due to the transactions are not centralised on a forex single exchange. With the help of telecommunication, trading is carried over all over the globe and with electronic networks with five days in week and 24 hours a day and there are dealers quoting currencies in each time zone through the main central markets: New York, London, Frankfurt, Hong Kong, Tokyo, New Zealand and Australia. (Dicks 2010: 5). The forex market is being able to maintain its goal and avoid being manipulated or controlled by any few or one of its participants since the volume transacted is so high that if any of them would want to distort by changing price at their volition, they have to operate with hundreds of billions of dollars. That is why forex market cannot be swayed by any single participant and even though, there are scenarios where large transactions can appear to assume control of the forex market for a few minutes, the balance is restored again instantly due to the great liquidity associated. This also permits traders to derive revenues by closing and opening positions within a few seconds. (Dicks 2010: 5). The place or venue for the sale and purchase of foreign currency is called as the foreign exchange market. This research essay will make a complete literature review on an efficient market hypothesis of forex market, inc luding fundamental and technical analysis, also offers a brief history on the forex market and overview of the market in an exhaustive manner. Definition of Foreign Currency A foreign currency rate denotes to the price any person pays in one currency to buy another currency. It is to be observed that a currency is analogous to any other product namely food or gold; its price is decided by the supply or demand for the said product. For instance, if a forex dealer quotes US$ 1.35 per ?, then he is quoting US$1.35 for the sale or purchase of per ?. (James, Neelankavil & Rai 2009:247). Quotes for exchange rates are available either for instant release or for the future delivery. For the immediate delivery, the price of foreign currency is known as spot rate. Due to introduction of advanced IT in the forex transactions, now it is made possible for a spot transaction to be cleared or settled on the same day is possible. The largest consortium of the